Cardiovascular collapse is also a potentially life threatening consequence of withdrawal.

Notably, barbiturates have a very low safety margin.

Amphetamines (A) produce the opposite effects described, including agitation, tachycardia, euphoria, and prolonged attentiveness.

Benzodiazepines (C) would produce similar effects as barbiturates, but are widely used because they have a much greater therapeutic window.

(D) Hallucinogens and (E) Opioids possess a more complex abuse profile can themselves cause anxiety or seizures, respectively.