Choice c ..? used for ADHD also

AA

Tourette Syndrome seems to be associated with ADHD
C is the answer

i thought stimulants should be used with caution in patients with tourette syndrome..metylphenidate should be avoided in patients with tics ..
someone clarify, please..

Answer is Choice A .

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder characterized by academic problems (short attention span, poor concentration, etc.) and behavioral problems (impulsivity, hyperactivity, etc.). The academic problems arise from insufficient noradrenergic signaling in the brain as norepinephrine reduces noise and enhances executive function, whereas the behavioral problems are a result of overactive dopaminergic signalling.

Standard treatment of this condition involves using CNS stimulants, such as methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, to bring about increased dopaminergic signaling in the brain.

However, using dopaminergic drugs in this patient would exacerbate his Tourette syndrome, which involves overactive dopaminergic signalling in the thalamus, basal ganglia, and frontal cortex.

In this case, atomoxetine (a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) is best as it will improve the patient',s concentration without worsening his tics.